Simplify 1/(1-cos(x))+1/(1+cos(x))

Problem

1/(1−cos(x))+1/(1+cos(x))

Solution

1. Find a common denominator by multiplying the two denominators together.

(1*(1+cos(x))+1*(1−cos(x)))/((1−cos(x))*(1+cos(x)))

2. Simplify the numerator by combining like terms.

(1+cos(x)+1−cos(x))/((1−cos(x))*(1+cos(x)))

2/((1−cos(x))*(1+cos(x)))

3. Expand the denominator using the difference of squares formula (a−b)*(a+b)=a2−b2

2/(1−cos2(x))

4. Apply the Pythagorean identity sin2(x)+cos2(x)=1 which implies 1−cos2(x)=sin2(x)

2/sin2(x)

5. Use the reciprocal identity 1/sin(x)=csc(x) to rewrite the expression.

2*csc2(x)

Final Answer

1/(1−cos(x))+1/(1+cos(x))=2*csc2(x)

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