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Module 2: Electric Flux and Gauss' Law

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Electric Flux: the sum over an area of a vector perpendicular to the area

The "direction" of a surface is perpendicular to the surface:

volume →d(V)=d(A)*d(x)

The flux, ϕ, is the volume per second through the area:

d(V)/d(t)=d(ϕ)=d(A)*(d(x)/d(t))=d(A)*v

If v is the same at all points: ϕ=(∫_^)(v)*d(A)=v*A

If the area were not perpendicular to velocity:

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